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About the course

Hrvoje Brkić, DDM, MSc, PhD, Full professor

brkic@sfzg.hr 

www.hrvojebrkic.net

Introduction
The study of ontogenetic and philogenetic development of human dental organs, as well as the comparative study with other verterbrates, will be carried out for the purpose of future clinical and research work. In practical exercises the psychomotor skill is going to be acquired in the direction: object – eye – brain – hand.

Primary aims
Knowledge of the anatomy of a tooth and its alveolus is at the core of dental studies. After the completion of the course, the student should demonstrate knowledge of morphological features of all types of teeth, permanent and deciduous, which he/she will use in:

  • tooth identification,
  • diagnostics of tooth anomalies,
  • treatment procedures on decayed teeth. 

Main Objectives
After the completion of the course, the student should have knowledge of the following:

  • Descriptive terms in Dental Anatomy and Anthropology.
  • Macroscopic structure of the features of the crown and the root of every permanent and deciduous tooth.
  • Macroscopic structure of the characteristics of the endodontic space with particularities related to the tooth arch and the tooth kind.
  • Order of eruption of permanent and deciduous teeth, and their resorption.
  • Microscopic structure of human permanent and deciduous teeth
  • Odontometrics, tooth trends, biological variability, asymmetry of teeth. Radiologic anatomy of the teeth and the jaws
  • Genetic influences on tooth development and growth.
  • Development of tooth occlusion and articulation.
  • Human masticatory system, self-protective features of teeth
  • Embryonic development of human teeth
  • Comparative odontography (macroscopic and microscopic animal tooth structure)
  • Evolutional development of the jaws (carnivores, herbivores, omnivores). 

Hours in the Curriculum 
The course is held in the 2nd year.

The total number of hours is 105.

Methods of Learning / Teaching
The theoretical teaching is carried out in lecture format that thematically precede later practical exercises. Practical work is organized for groups of 16 students. There is one teacher or assistent and/or one demonstrator (student in a senior year of study) per six to eight students.

The main idea is to classify teeth by drawing in two dimensions, whereas modelling in modelling clay and plaster of Paris is done in three dimensions. Teeth models are made in plaster of Paris in twelve time bigger size. Samples of natural deciduous and permanent teeth as well as their sections in various surfaces are the next step in the work in Teeth Anatomy. Ondotometrics is carried out on the tooth arch casts with the help of sliding caliper.

The notification of certain anthropological features of teeth is done according to the Arizona State University method. Histological structure of teeth is made available by the use of light microscopy (native and coloured preparations of permanent and deciduous teeth, deciduous teeth in resorption).

The x-ray structure of teeth is carried out with the use of radiography of both the jaws and the teeth (orthopantomograms, lateral skull radiographs, standard intraoral periapical views of the teeth, bite-wing radiographs) on the negatoscope.

The embryonic development of dental organ is followed by the processing of histological preparations from the tooth bud to its maturation. The evolution development of jaw is studied based on the Krapina pre-historical man collection kept in the Croatian Museum of Natural Sciences in Zagreb.

Assessment Methods
Before every practical exercise, the necessary background knowledge is revised in conversation with students. After that the students have to sketch both- the teeth and dental arches according to a given pattern(model). Carving or modelling of samples of permanent and deciduous teeth is carried out with the model, and is assessed after the groups have been completed without any models.The result contributes to the final grade.

The exam is taken after the completion of the course and it consists of:

the practical part: terminology and teeth nomenclature, 
recognition of permanent and deciduous teeth, 
light microscopy of histological preparations of permanent teeth, deciduous teeth and embryonal development of tooth germ , 
analysis of occlusion and articulation of the teeth in plaster casts of dental arches) and 
theoretical part in an oral examination format with the selection of questions from every teaching unit. 
At the end of the studies, students can choose one of the offered topics from the Teeth Morphology with Dental Anthropology in order to write their theses.